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Lucia Mason 《Instructional Science》2004,32(4):293-318
The purpose of this study was to extend previous research on the conditions that may promote understanding and abstraction
via structural alignment, that is, through a comparison between two partially understood situations. Structural alignment
is a route to analogical reasoning which differs from the typical route where an analogy is made by eliciting an unknown situation
from a very familiar one. Ninety-nine eighth graders were presented with two pairs of scenarios; the first depicting two phenomena
of heat flow and the second, two phenomena of the changing state of matter. Participants were randomly assigned to five different
conditions which varied in the degree to which they required a comparisonbetween the phenomena in the scenario pairs. For
each pair of scenarios, participants were asked to describe the differences between the two phenomena, explain what happens
in the phenomena, rate the similarity between the two, and justify the ratings. Results show that analogical reasoning was
promoted more in the condition where participants were asked to jointly interpret the phenomena depicted in the scenarios.
For both pairs of scenarios, students in this condition reached a deeper understanding; they were more able to identify alignable
differences between the phenomena, and recognize the abstract and general higher-order relational structure implied by the
perceptually different situations. 相似文献
83.
Scott D. Winnail Lynn M. Artz Brian F. Geiger Cynthia J. Petri Rebecca Bailey J. W. Mason 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2001,28(4):231-236
This study addresses the health of young children and how to safely and effectively care for children with diarrhea in the home and in early child care settings. A baseline survey showed the prevalence of oral rehydration solution (ORS) usage at last diarrhea bout to be low. An educational workshop was developed to train parents and child care professionals on how to properly manage young children with diarrhea and reduce the risk of diarrhea spread at home and in early childhood settings. Specific intervention activities are discussed and program activities, including specially designed materials for mixing homemade ORS are described. A comparison of pre- and postintervention data indicates substantial gains in knowledge among both urban and rural populations. Implications of research findings are discussed along with suggestions for future research. 相似文献
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Jiamin Hee Ying Li Toh Hong Wei Yap Ravindran Kanesvaran Stephen Mason 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2020,28(3):340-364
ABSTRACT The need for longitudinal and holistic support of medical students throughout their training has led to the development of formal mentoring programs. Whilst success of formal mentoring programs has been attributed to (a) pairing mentees with trained and experienced mentors (matching), (b) the quality of mentoring interactions and (c) the presence of a nurturing environment, little attention has been attributed to establishing an effective matching process in medical school. We sought, in this review, to redress this gap within the context of matching medical students for mentoring. Modified PRISMA guidelines were followed to guide the review process. PubMed, ERIC, Cochrane Database, OVID and ScienceDirect databases were searched for articles on matching in medical schools and in allied health specialities published between 2000 and 2015. 相似文献
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Kelly B. Cartwright Timothy R. Marshall Nathan A. Hatfield 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2020,14(2):114-123
Executive function (EF) contributes significantly to reading comprehension across the lifespan. Emerging research indicates domain‐specific assessments of EF are better suited for assessment and intervention in academic contexts. For example, graphophonological‐semantic cognitive flexibility (GSF), the ability to flexibly switch between the graphophonological and semantic components of printed words, contributes uniquely to reading comprehension across the lifespan, and GSF training improves children's reading comprehension. This study compared the original GSF measure, which is problematic for use in schools due to its subjectively interpreted explicit explanation component, to an abbreviated implicit task that is better suited for assessment of GSF in practical contexts in 68 first and second grade students. Implicit and explicit GSF contributed uniquely to reading comprehension concurrently and longitudinally when children (n = 31) were in third and fourth grades, beyond verbal ability, decoding ability, and matrix reasoning. 相似文献
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